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Pavadinimas: THE BASICS OF BIOETHICS
Autoriai: ROBERT M. VEATCH SECOND EDITION
Metai:
ISBN: 0-13-099161-9
Brūkšninis kodas: 003075097760
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Anotacija:

     Robert M. Veatch provides an introductory, comprehensive discussion of the major issues and theories in biomedical ethics. Developed from his own courses taught in schools of medicine and nursing, as well as undergraduate philosophy and religion courses, Veatch's text presents a systematic comparison of bioethical theory and examines the major issues faced in clinical and health policy settings....
    


New to the Second Edition!
� New opening chapter summarizing ethical theory as precursor to work in
bioethics
� Completely updated treatment of new developments in bioethics, including laws
on euthanasia in The Netherlands, a discussion of the Gelsinger Case (on gene
therapy), and stem cell research
� New chapter on methods for resolving conflict among competing ethical
principles
� All-encompassing chart detailing four major questions in ethics and their respectiv
answers
� New chapter on virtues in the health professions
     "As a leader and pioneer in the field, Veatch is very solid in terms of accuracy." - Kyle Fedler, Ashland University.
     "I've used the Veatch book in teaching bioethics in short courses to non-philosophy audiences: medical students, physical therapy students, physician assistants, etc. They like it very much. It is readable, accessible, and interesting.
The examples are well-chosen and memorable. The topics are well-chosen and coverage [is] appropriate. The presentation is balanced and thought-provoking." - Leslie Pickering Francis, University of Utah.


xi LIST OF CASES
xii LIST OF FIGURES
xiii PREFACE
1 CHAPTER 1 A MAP OF THE TERRAIN OF ETHICS
2 The Levels of Moral Discourse
2 The Level of the Case
3 Rules and Rights (Codes of Ethics)
5 Normative Ethics
7 Metaethics
10 A Full Theory of Bioethics
11 Key Concepts
12 Bibliography
12 Works on Basic Ethics
12 Works on Biomedical Ethics
13 CHAPTER 2 THE HIPPOCRATIC OATH AND ITS CHALLENGERS:
A BRIEF HISTORY
13 The Hippocratic Tradition
13 The Hippocratic Oath
16 Modern Codes in the Hippocratic Tradition
18 The Collapse of the Hippocratic Tradition
Codes and Oaths Breaking with the Hippocratic
19 Tradition
21 Sources from Outside Professional Medicine
23 Key Concepts
25 Endnotes for Chapter 2
26 Bibliography
28 CHAPTER 3 DEFINING DEATH, ABORTION, AND ANIMAL WELFARE:
THE BASIS OF MORAL STANDING
29Persons, Humans, and Individuals: The Language of Moral Standing
107 Going Beyond Advance Directives
109 Mechanisms for Expressing Wishes
111 Issues to Be Addressed in an Advance Directive
113 Never-Competent Patients without Family or Other Pre-existing Surrogates
113 The Principles
113 The Legal Standard
114 Who Should Be the Surrogate?
115 Never-Competent Patients with Family Surrogates
116 What Is the Standard Underlying This Family Discretion?
119 Key Concepts
119 Endnotes
119 Bibliography
121 CHAPTER 8 SOCIAL ETHICS OF MEDICINE: ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, TRANSPLANTATION, AND HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH
121 The Need for a Social Ethic for Medicine
121 The Limits of the Ethics of Individual Relations
122 The Social Ethical Principles for Medical Ethics
126 Allocation of Health Care Resources
126 The Demand for Health Care Services
127 The Inevitability of Rationing
128Ethical Responses to the Pressures for Cost Containment
The Role of the Clinician in Allocation Decisions 134
136 Organ Transplantation
136 Is Performing Transplants "Playing God"?
137 Procurement of Organs
137 Organ Allocation
140 Research Involving Human Subjects
140 Distinguishing Research and Innovative Therapy
141 Social Ethics for Research Involving Human Subjects
143 Key Concepts
144 Endnotes for Chapter 8
145 Bibliography
145 Social Ethical Theory
145 Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources
146 Organ Transplantation
147 Research Involving Human Subjects
148 CHAPTER 9 HUMAN CONTROL OF LIFE: GENETICS, BIRTH TECHNOLOGIES AND MODIFYING HUMAN NATURE
149 The Human as Created and as Creator
149 Medical Manipulation as Playing God
150 Having Dominion over the Earth
150 Genetics and the Control of Human Reproduction
150 Genetics
158 New Reproductive Technologies
164 Key Concepts
164 Endnotes for Chapter 9
165 Bibliography
167 CHAPTER 10 RESOLVING CONFLICTS AMONG PRINCIPLES
168 Different Concepts of Duty
168 Absolute, Exceptionless Duties
169 Prima Facie Duties
170 Duty Proper
170 Theories of Conflict Resolution
170 Single Principle Theories
171 Ranking (Lexically Ordering) Principles
172 Balancing
172 Combining Ranking and Balancing
175 Ways of Reconciling Social Utility and Justice
179 Translating Principles to Rules
181 Conclusion
182 Key Concepts
182 Endnotes
183 Bibliography
184 CHAPTER 11 THE VIRTUES IN BIOETHICS
185 Virtue Lists

186 Professional Virtues
187 Secular Virtues
187 Religious Virtues
188 Care as a Virtue
188 Problems with the Virtues
189 The Wrong Virtue Problem
189 The Naked Virtue Problem
190 Conclusion
191 Key Concepts
191 Bibliography
193 APPENDIX
193 Hippocratic Oath
194 Principles of Medical Ethics (2001) of the American Medical Association
195 INDEX

List of Cases
1 Case 1: The Boy Who Ate the Pickle
22 Case 2: Physician Assistance in a Merciful Homicide
36 Case 3: The Man Living Without a Heart
48 Case 4: The Physician Who Favors Hysterectomies
55 Case 5: Risks and Benefits in a Randomized Clinical Trial
60 Case 6: Is Birth Control Bad for One's Health?
67 Case 7: The Promised Internship
69 Case 8: The Case of the Homosexual Husband
75 Case 9: Natanson v. Kline: When May Information Be Withheld?
77 Case 10: Canterbury v. Spence
81 Case 11: Limits on the Physician's Duty to Promote Health
108 Case 12: Surrogate Refusal of Nutrition without an Advance Directive:
The Limits of Substituted Judgment
117 Case 13: Chad Green: The Case of Limited Familial Discretion
about Chemotherapy
127 Case 14: DRG Limits and Myocardial Infarction
138 Case 15: Allocating Organs by Tissue Type
142 Case 16: Justice in Design of Research
156 Case 17: Experimenting with Gene Therapy: The Case of Jesse
Gelsinger
160 Case 18: The Mary Beth Whitehead Case
168 Case 19: Conflicting Promises: A Physician in a Bind

List of Figures
3 Figure 1: The Four Levels of Moral Discourse
5 Figure 2: Rules and Rights
5 Figure 3: Three Questions of Normative Ethics
9 Figure 4: Metaethics: The Meaning and Justification of Ethical Judgments
24 Figure 5: Types of Codifications of Medical Ethics
31 Figure 6: Two Definitions of Person
35 Figure 7: Three Definitions of Death
49 Figure 8: Where Hippocratic Utility Fits in a Grid of Types of Ethical Principles
52 Figure 9: Spheres of Well-being
54 Figure 10: Elements of Medical Well-being
56 Figure 11: High-Risk/High-Gain vs. Low-Risk/Low Gain Therapy Choices
65 Figure 12: Types of Ethical Principles
89 Figure 13: Four Basic Distinctions in Death and Dying
89 Figure 14: Active Killing vs. Forgoing Life Support (Actions vs. Omissions)
90 Figure 15: Invalid Arguments for the Omission/Commission Distinc�tion
105 Figure 16: Types of Incompetent Patients and the Stands Used in Surrogate Decisions
111 Figure 17: Issues to Be Addressed in an Advance Directive
124 Figure 18: Ethical Principles�Final Form Including Social Principles
129 Figure 19: Schematic Representation of Aggregate Benefit Per Day of Stay in the Hospital
186 Figure 20: Lists of Virtues

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