Naujausi A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T V W Y Z
Pavadinimas: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN BIOETHICS fourth edition
Autoriai: Edited by TOM L. BEAUCHAMP, LEROY WALTERS
Metai: 1994
ISBN: 0534223141
Leidykla: Belmont : Wadsworth
Brūkšninis kodas: 4036689
Ieškoti VUB kataloge
Anotacija:
Preface xi
Part I Introduction to ethics
Chapter 1: Ethical theory and bioethics 1
Fundamental problems 1
The study of morality 1
Moral dilemmas and disagreements 3
Relativism and objectivity in ethics 7
Moral justification 10
Types of ethical theory 11
Utilitarian theories 12
Kantian theories 14
Contemporary challenges to the traditional theories 17
Virtue ethics 17
The ethics of care 19
Casuistry 20
Major ethical principles 22
Respect for autonomy 22
Beneficence 24
Justice 26
Ethics, law, and public policy 29
Ethics and public affairs 29
Morality and law 30
Legal and moral rights 31
Law, authority, and autonomy 32
Conclusion 34
Part II Professional relationships to patients and subjects
Chapter 2: Rights and responsibilities 39
INTRODUCTION
PROFESSIONAL CODES
“The Hippocratic oath” 43
American Medical Association, Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs,
“Fundamental Elements of the Patient-pfysician relationship (1990)” 44
American Nurses Association, “Code for Nurses (1985)” 45
World Medical Asssociation, “Declaration of Helsinki (Hong Kong, 1989)” 49
THE VIRTUES AND OBLIGATIONS OF PROFESSIONALS
Edmund D. Pellegrino, “The virtuous physician and the ethics of medicine” 51
Nancy S. Jecker and Donnie J. Self, :Separating care and cure:
An analysis of historical and contemporary images of nursing and medicine 58
Norma Daniels, “The ideal advocate and limited resources” 69
Tom L. Beauchamp and Laurence B. McCullough, “Third-party interests” 75
PROFESSIONALS AND SPECIFIC PATIENT POPULATIONS
David Hilfiker, “Unconscious on a corner”… 85
Council on ethical and judicial affairs, American Medical Association,
“Gender disparities in clinical decision making” 87
Christine K. Cassel and Bernice L. Neugarten, “The goals of medicine in an aging society” 93
Paul Chodoff, “The case for involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill” 102
MORAL QUANDARIES OF PROFESSIONALS
Dan W. Brock and Steven A. Wartman, “When competent patients make irrational choises” 109
Lynn M. Peterson and Troyen A. Brennan , “Medical ethics and medical injures:
Taking our duties seriously” 115
Chapter 3: The management of medical information 123
INTRODUCTION
TRUTH TELLING AND THE MANAGEMENT OF BAD NEWS
Timothy E. Quill and Penelope Townsend, “Bad news: Delivery, dialogue, and dilemas” 131
Roger Higgs, “On telling patients the truth” 137
Informed consent
United States Court of Appeals, “Canterbyry v. Spence’142
Jay Katz, “Physicians and patients: A history of silence” 145
Ruth R. Faden and Tom L. Beuachamp, “The concept of informed consent” 148
PATIENT SELF-DETERMINATION AND ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
Susan M. Wolf, et al., “Sources of concern about the Patient Self-Determination Act” 153
Margot L. White and John C. Fletcher, “The Patient Self-Determination Act:
On balance, more help than hindrance” 160
MANAGING INFORMATION IN RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman. “Of mice but not men:
Problems of the randomized clinical trial” 163
Benjamin Freedman, “Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research” 168
THE MANAGEMENT OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
California Supreme Court, “Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California” 174
Mark Siegler, “Confidentiality in Medicine – A Decrepit concept” 179
Andrew Markus and Michael Lockwood, “Is it permissable to edit medical records?182
Part III Reproductive decision making
Chapter 4: Reproductive technologies and surrogate parenting arrangements 187
INTRODUCTION
PARENTING AND THE FAMILY
Ruth Macklin, “Artificial means of reproduction and our understanding of
the family” 191
Barbara Katz Rothman, “Motherhood: Beyond patriarchy” 198
American fertility society, Ethics Committee, “Ethics and the new reproductive
Technologies” 201
THE PROBLEM OF INFERTILITY
United States Congress, office of technology assessment, “The demography
of infertility 206
Warnock Committee, “Infertility” 210
Barbara Katz Rothman, “Infertility as disability” 211
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Arthur L. Caplan, “The ethics of in vitro fertilization” 216
Susan Sherwin, “Feminist ethics and in vitro fertilization” 224
SURROGATE PARENTING ARRANGEMENTS
Elizabeth S. Anderson, “Is women`s labor a commodity?” 233
Laura M. Purdy, “Surrogate mothering: Exploitation or empowerment? 244
Richard A. Posner, “The ethics and economics of enforcing contracts of
Surrogate motherhood” 253
Alexander Morgan Capron and Margaret Jane Radin, “Choosing family law
Over contract law as a paradigm for surrogate motherhood” 258
Chapter 5: Abortion and maternal-fetal relationships 271
INTRODUCTION
THE PROBLEM OF MORAL JUSTIFICATION
John T. Noonan, Jr., “An almost absolute value in history”279
Judith Jarvis Thomson, “A defense of abortion” 283
Baruch Brody, “The morality of abortion” 292
Mary Annie Warren, “on the moral and legal status of abortion” 302
LEGAL ISSUES OF ABORTION
United Sates Supreme Court, “Roe v. Wade: Majority opinion and dissent” 312
United States Supreme Court, “City of Akron center for reproductive health” 316
United States Supreme Court, “Planned parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v.
Robert P. Casey, et al.,” 319
MATERNAL-FETAL RELATIONSHIPS AND RIGHTS
United States Supreme Court, “Automobile workers v. Johnson controls, Inc.” 326
District Court of Appeals of the State of Florida,”Johnson v. State of Florida” 329
District of Columbia Court of Appeals, “In Re A.C.” 332
Nancy K. Rhoden, “Cesareans and Samaritans” 337
Patricia King, “Should Mom be constrained in the best interests of the fetus?” 343
Part IV Decisions about the end of life
Chapter 6: The right to die 351
INTRODUCTION
DECISIONS BY COMPETENT ADULTS
Linda L. Emanuel and Ezekiel J. Emanuel, “The medical directive” 355
David J. Doukas and Laurence B. McCullough, “The values history” 363
Leon R. Kass, “Is there a right to die?” 371
DECISIONS ON BEHALF OF THE FORMERLY COMPETENT
The Hastings center, “Guidelines on the termination of life-sustaining treatment
and the care of the dying” 381
United States Supreme Court, “Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department
of Health”383
Malcolm Gladwell, “Woman in right-to-die case succumbs” 403
John D. Arras , “Beyond Cruzan: Individual rights, family autonomy and the
Persistent vegetative state” 404
DECISIONS ABOUT INFANTS
James M. Gustafson, “The Johns Hopkins case”413
Robert F. Weir, “Selective nontreatment of handicapped newborns” 414
Nancy K. Rhoden, “Treating baby Doe: The ethics of uncertainty” 419
Chapter 7: Active euthanasia and assisted suicide 431
INTRODUCTION
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ACTIVE KILLING AND ALLOWING TO DIE
James Rachels, “Active and passive euthanasia” 439
Tom L. Beauchamp, “A reply to Rachels on active and passive euthanasia” 442
WHEN IS FORGOING TREATMENT ALSO KILLING?
Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Essex County, “In the matter of
Claire C. Conroy” 450
Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division, “In the matter of Claire C.
Conroy” 452
Supreme Court of New Jersey, “In the matter of Claire C. Conroy” 455
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, “Brophy v. New England Sinai
Hospital” 455
Justice Antonin Scalia (Concurring) in United States Supreme Court, “Cruzan
v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health” 459
Daniel Callahan, “Vital distinctions, mortal questions: Debating euthanasia and
Health-Care costs” 461
Kenneth F. Schaffner, “Recognizing the tragic choice: Food, water, and the right
To assisted suicide” 465
PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE AND VOLUNTARY ACTIVE EUTHANASIA
Supreme Court of Nevada, “McKay v. Bergstedt” 472
Timothy E. Quill, “Death and dignity: A case of individualized decision
making” 479
Edmund D. Pellegrino, “Euthanasia as a distortion of the healing relationship” 483
Daniel Callahan, “When self-determination runs amok” 485
Dan W. Brock, “Voluntary active euthanasia” 490
THE NETHERLANDS EXPERIENCE
Richard Fenigsen, “A case against Dutch euthanasia” 500
Pieter V. Admiral, “Euthanasia in the Netherlands” 506
Part V Public health, biomedical research, and biomedical technologies
Chapter 8: The global AIDS epidemic 513
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL ISSUES
LeRoy Walters, “Ethical issues in the prevention and treatment of HIV and
AIDS” 517
Dorothy Nelkin, David P. Willis, and Scott V. Parris, “A disease of society” 528
National Research Council, Panel on monitoring the social impact of the AIDS
Epidemic, “The social impact of AIDS in the United States” 530
Ronald Bayer, “Public Health policy and the AIDS epidemic: An end to HIV
Exceptionalism? 534
THE DUTY TO WARN AND THE DUTY NOT TO HARM
Susan D. Cochran and Vickie M. Mays, “Sex, lies, and HIV” 539
Ferdinand Schoeman, “AIDS and privacy” 541
Karen H. Rothenberg and Richard L. North, “The duty to warn “Dilemma” and
Women with AIDS” 549
TESTING AND SCREENING PROGRAMS
James F. Childress, “Mandatory HIV screening and testing” 557
Carol Levine and Ronald Bayer, “The ethics of screening for early intervention
In HIV disease” 571
Working group on HIV testing of pregnant women and newborns, “HIV infection,
Pregnant women and newborns: A policy proposal for information and testing” 581
A GLOBAL PERPECTIVE
The global AIDS policy coalition, :AIDS in the world” 589
Chapter 9: Eugenics and human genetics 593
INTRODUCTION
EUGENICS PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY
Philip R. Reilly, “Eugenic sterilization in the United States” 597
United States Supreme Court, “Buck v. Bell (1927)” 607
Stephen Jay Gould, “Carrie Buck`s daughter” 609
Robert Jay Lifton, “Sterilization and the Nazi biomedical vision” 614
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT AND GENETIC TESTING
Victor A. McKusick, “The human genome project: Plans, status, and applications in
Biology and medicine” 622
Alexander Morgan Capron, “Which ills to bear?: Reevaluating the “Threat” of
Modern genetics”629
Paul R. Billings, et al., “Discrimination as a consequence of genetic testing” 637
Robert N. Proctor, “Genomics and eugenics: How fair is the comparison?” 644
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
LeRoy Walters, “Ethical issues in human gene therapy” 651
W. French Anderson, “Human gene therapy” 659
Council for responsible genetics, Human Genetics Committee (Fall, 1992),
“Position paper on human germ line manipulation” 668
Part VI Justice in access to Health Care
Chapter 10 : Justice in the distribution of Health Care 675
INTRODUCTION
JUST HEALTH CARE AND THE RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE
President`s Commission for the study of ethical problems in medicine and
biomedical and behavioral research, “Securing access to Health Care” 683
Robert M. Veatch, “Justice, the basic social contract, and Health Care” 689
Allen E. Buchanan, “The right to a decent minimum of Health Care” 695
H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., “Rights to Health Care” 701
UNIVERSAL HEALTH INSURANCE AND UNIVERSAL ACCESS
Ronald Bayer, Daniel Callahan, Arthur L. Caplan, and Bruce Jennings,
“Toward juctice in Health Care” 707
James S. Todd, “It is time for universal access, not universal insurance” 716
Alain Enthoven and Richard Kronick, “ A consumer-choise Health plan for the
1990s: Universal Health insurance in a system designed to promote quality and
economy” 718
Allen Buchanan, “An ethical evaluation of Health Care in the United States” 727
RATIONING HEALTH CARE AND THE OREGON PLAN
David C. Hadorn, “The Oregon priority-setting exercise: Quality of life and
public policy” 734
Norman Daniels, “Is the Oregon rationing plan fare?” 739
Daniel Callahan, “Ethics and priority setting in Oregon” 745
Autoriai: Edited by TOM L. BEAUCHAMP, LEROY WALTERS
Metai: 1994
ISBN: 0534223141
Leidykla: Belmont : Wadsworth
Brūkšninis kodas: 4036689
Ieškoti VUB kataloge
Anotacija:
Preface xi
Part I Introduction to ethics
Chapter 1: Ethical theory and bioethics 1
Fundamental problems 1
The study of morality 1
Moral dilemmas and disagreements 3
Relativism and objectivity in ethics 7
Moral justification 10
Types of ethical theory 11
Utilitarian theories 12
Kantian theories 14
Contemporary challenges to the traditional theories 17
Virtue ethics 17
The ethics of care 19
Casuistry 20
Major ethical principles 22
Respect for autonomy 22
Beneficence 24
Justice 26
Ethics, law, and public policy 29
Ethics and public affairs 29
Morality and law 30
Legal and moral rights 31
Law, authority, and autonomy 32
Conclusion 34
Part II Professional relationships to patients and subjects
Chapter 2: Rights and responsibilities 39
INTRODUCTION
PROFESSIONAL CODES
“The Hippocratic oath” 43
American Medical Association, Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs,
“Fundamental Elements of the Patient-pfysician relationship (1990)” 44
American Nurses Association, “Code for Nurses (1985)” 45
World Medical Asssociation, “Declaration of Helsinki (Hong Kong, 1989)” 49
THE VIRTUES AND OBLIGATIONS OF PROFESSIONALS
Edmund D. Pellegrino, “The virtuous physician and the ethics of medicine” 51
Nancy S. Jecker and Donnie J. Self, :Separating care and cure:
An analysis of historical and contemporary images of nursing and medicine 58
Norma Daniels, “The ideal advocate and limited resources” 69
Tom L. Beauchamp and Laurence B. McCullough, “Third-party interests” 75
PROFESSIONALS AND SPECIFIC PATIENT POPULATIONS
David Hilfiker, “Unconscious on a corner”… 85
Council on ethical and judicial affairs, American Medical Association,
“Gender disparities in clinical decision making” 87
Christine K. Cassel and Bernice L. Neugarten, “The goals of medicine in an aging society” 93
Paul Chodoff, “The case for involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill” 102
MORAL QUANDARIES OF PROFESSIONALS
Dan W. Brock and Steven A. Wartman, “When competent patients make irrational choises” 109
Lynn M. Peterson and Troyen A. Brennan , “Medical ethics and medical injures:
Taking our duties seriously” 115
Chapter 3: The management of medical information 123
INTRODUCTION
TRUTH TELLING AND THE MANAGEMENT OF BAD NEWS
Timothy E. Quill and Penelope Townsend, “Bad news: Delivery, dialogue, and dilemas” 131
Roger Higgs, “On telling patients the truth” 137
Informed consent
United States Court of Appeals, “Canterbyry v. Spence’142
Jay Katz, “Physicians and patients: A history of silence” 145
Ruth R. Faden and Tom L. Beuachamp, “The concept of informed consent” 148
PATIENT SELF-DETERMINATION AND ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
Susan M. Wolf, et al., “Sources of concern about the Patient Self-Determination Act” 153
Margot L. White and John C. Fletcher, “The Patient Self-Determination Act:
On balance, more help than hindrance” 160
MANAGING INFORMATION IN RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman. “Of mice but not men:
Problems of the randomized clinical trial” 163
Benjamin Freedman, “Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research” 168
THE MANAGEMENT OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
California Supreme Court, “Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California” 174
Mark Siegler, “Confidentiality in Medicine – A Decrepit concept” 179
Andrew Markus and Michael Lockwood, “Is it permissable to edit medical records?182
Part III Reproductive decision making
Chapter 4: Reproductive technologies and surrogate parenting arrangements 187
INTRODUCTION
PARENTING AND THE FAMILY
Ruth Macklin, “Artificial means of reproduction and our understanding of
the family” 191
Barbara Katz Rothman, “Motherhood: Beyond patriarchy” 198
American fertility society, Ethics Committee, “Ethics and the new reproductive
Technologies” 201
THE PROBLEM OF INFERTILITY
United States Congress, office of technology assessment, “The demography
of infertility 206
Warnock Committee, “Infertility” 210
Barbara Katz Rothman, “Infertility as disability” 211
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Arthur L. Caplan, “The ethics of in vitro fertilization” 216
Susan Sherwin, “Feminist ethics and in vitro fertilization” 224
SURROGATE PARENTING ARRANGEMENTS
Elizabeth S. Anderson, “Is women`s labor a commodity?” 233
Laura M. Purdy, “Surrogate mothering: Exploitation or empowerment? 244
Richard A. Posner, “The ethics and economics of enforcing contracts of
Surrogate motherhood” 253
Alexander Morgan Capron and Margaret Jane Radin, “Choosing family law
Over contract law as a paradigm for surrogate motherhood” 258
Chapter 5: Abortion and maternal-fetal relationships 271
INTRODUCTION
THE PROBLEM OF MORAL JUSTIFICATION
John T. Noonan, Jr., “An almost absolute value in history”279
Judith Jarvis Thomson, “A defense of abortion” 283
Baruch Brody, “The morality of abortion” 292
Mary Annie Warren, “on the moral and legal status of abortion” 302
LEGAL ISSUES OF ABORTION
United Sates Supreme Court, “Roe v. Wade: Majority opinion and dissent” 312
United States Supreme Court, “City of Akron center for reproductive health” 316
United States Supreme Court, “Planned parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v.
Robert P. Casey, et al.,” 319
MATERNAL-FETAL RELATIONSHIPS AND RIGHTS
United States Supreme Court, “Automobile workers v. Johnson controls, Inc.” 326
District Court of Appeals of the State of Florida,”Johnson v. State of Florida” 329
District of Columbia Court of Appeals, “In Re A.C.” 332
Nancy K. Rhoden, “Cesareans and Samaritans” 337
Patricia King, “Should Mom be constrained in the best interests of the fetus?” 343
Part IV Decisions about the end of life
Chapter 6: The right to die 351
INTRODUCTION
DECISIONS BY COMPETENT ADULTS
Linda L. Emanuel and Ezekiel J. Emanuel, “The medical directive” 355
David J. Doukas and Laurence B. McCullough, “The values history” 363
Leon R. Kass, “Is there a right to die?” 371
DECISIONS ON BEHALF OF THE FORMERLY COMPETENT
The Hastings center, “Guidelines on the termination of life-sustaining treatment
and the care of the dying” 381
United States Supreme Court, “Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department
of Health”383
Malcolm Gladwell, “Woman in right-to-die case succumbs” 403
John D. Arras , “Beyond Cruzan: Individual rights, family autonomy and the
Persistent vegetative state” 404
DECISIONS ABOUT INFANTS
James M. Gustafson, “The Johns Hopkins case”413
Robert F. Weir, “Selective nontreatment of handicapped newborns” 414
Nancy K. Rhoden, “Treating baby Doe: The ethics of uncertainty” 419
Chapter 7: Active euthanasia and assisted suicide 431
INTRODUCTION
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ACTIVE KILLING AND ALLOWING TO DIE
James Rachels, “Active and passive euthanasia” 439
Tom L. Beauchamp, “A reply to Rachels on active and passive euthanasia” 442
WHEN IS FORGOING TREATMENT ALSO KILLING?
Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Essex County, “In the matter of
Claire C. Conroy” 450
Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division, “In the matter of Claire C.
Conroy” 452
Supreme Court of New Jersey, “In the matter of Claire C. Conroy” 455
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, “Brophy v. New England Sinai
Hospital” 455
Justice Antonin Scalia (Concurring) in United States Supreme Court, “Cruzan
v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health” 459
Daniel Callahan, “Vital distinctions, mortal questions: Debating euthanasia and
Health-Care costs” 461
Kenneth F. Schaffner, “Recognizing the tragic choice: Food, water, and the right
To assisted suicide” 465
PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE AND VOLUNTARY ACTIVE EUTHANASIA
Supreme Court of Nevada, “McKay v. Bergstedt” 472
Timothy E. Quill, “Death and dignity: A case of individualized decision
making” 479
Edmund D. Pellegrino, “Euthanasia as a distortion of the healing relationship” 483
Daniel Callahan, “When self-determination runs amok” 485
Dan W. Brock, “Voluntary active euthanasia” 490
THE NETHERLANDS EXPERIENCE
Richard Fenigsen, “A case against Dutch euthanasia” 500
Pieter V. Admiral, “Euthanasia in the Netherlands” 506
Part V Public health, biomedical research, and biomedical technologies
Chapter 8: The global AIDS epidemic 513
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL ISSUES
LeRoy Walters, “Ethical issues in the prevention and treatment of HIV and
AIDS” 517
Dorothy Nelkin, David P. Willis, and Scott V. Parris, “A disease of society” 528
National Research Council, Panel on monitoring the social impact of the AIDS
Epidemic, “The social impact of AIDS in the United States” 530
Ronald Bayer, “Public Health policy and the AIDS epidemic: An end to HIV
Exceptionalism? 534
THE DUTY TO WARN AND THE DUTY NOT TO HARM
Susan D. Cochran and Vickie M. Mays, “Sex, lies, and HIV” 539
Ferdinand Schoeman, “AIDS and privacy” 541
Karen H. Rothenberg and Richard L. North, “The duty to warn “Dilemma” and
Women with AIDS” 549
TESTING AND SCREENING PROGRAMS
James F. Childress, “Mandatory HIV screening and testing” 557
Carol Levine and Ronald Bayer, “The ethics of screening for early intervention
In HIV disease” 571
Working group on HIV testing of pregnant women and newborns, “HIV infection,
Pregnant women and newborns: A policy proposal for information and testing” 581
A GLOBAL PERPECTIVE
The global AIDS policy coalition, :AIDS in the world” 589
Chapter 9: Eugenics and human genetics 593
INTRODUCTION
EUGENICS PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY
Philip R. Reilly, “Eugenic sterilization in the United States” 597
United States Supreme Court, “Buck v. Bell (1927)” 607
Stephen Jay Gould, “Carrie Buck`s daughter” 609
Robert Jay Lifton, “Sterilization and the Nazi biomedical vision” 614
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT AND GENETIC TESTING
Victor A. McKusick, “The human genome project: Plans, status, and applications in
Biology and medicine” 622
Alexander Morgan Capron, “Which ills to bear?: Reevaluating the “Threat” of
Modern genetics”629
Paul R. Billings, et al., “Discrimination as a consequence of genetic testing” 637
Robert N. Proctor, “Genomics and eugenics: How fair is the comparison?” 644
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
LeRoy Walters, “Ethical issues in human gene therapy” 651
W. French Anderson, “Human gene therapy” 659
Council for responsible genetics, Human Genetics Committee (Fall, 1992),
“Position paper on human germ line manipulation” 668
Part VI Justice in access to Health Care
Chapter 10 : Justice in the distribution of Health Care 675
INTRODUCTION
JUST HEALTH CARE AND THE RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE
President`s Commission for the study of ethical problems in medicine and
biomedical and behavioral research, “Securing access to Health Care” 683
Robert M. Veatch, “Justice, the basic social contract, and Health Care” 689
Allen E. Buchanan, “The right to a decent minimum of Health Care” 695
H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., “Rights to Health Care” 701
UNIVERSAL HEALTH INSURANCE AND UNIVERSAL ACCESS
Ronald Bayer, Daniel Callahan, Arthur L. Caplan, and Bruce Jennings,
“Toward juctice in Health Care” 707
James S. Todd, “It is time for universal access, not universal insurance” 716
Alain Enthoven and Richard Kronick, “ A consumer-choise Health plan for the
1990s: Universal Health insurance in a system designed to promote quality and
economy” 718
Allen Buchanan, “An ethical evaluation of Health Care in the United States” 727
RATIONING HEALTH CARE AND THE OREGON PLAN
David C. Hadorn, “The Oregon priority-setting exercise: Quality of life and
public policy” 734
Norman Daniels, “Is the Oregon rationing plan fare?” 739
Daniel Callahan, “Ethics and priority setting in Oregon” 745
